Browse All Occupations

Explore Jobs by AI Risk

All 141 occupations ranked by AI automation risk. Sorted by threat level — find out where your career stands.

Highest Risk JobBookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks9.2/10
Most Common Risk TypeHybrid53 jobs
Fastest-Growing Safe JobNurse Practitioners+45.7% growth

141 of 141 occupations

Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks

9.2
High RiskAI / Software
-5.1%$46kZone 2

Cashiers

9.2
High RiskRobotics
-10.4%$29kZone 1

Tax Preparers

9.2
High RiskAI / Software
-4.0%$46kZone 3

Office Clerks, General

9.0
High RiskAI / Software
-7.4%$38kZone 2

Bill and Account Collectors

9.0
High RiskAI / Software
-7.0%$40kZone 2

Customer Service Representatives

8.8
High RiskAI / Software
-4.0%$38kZone 2

Billing and Posting Clerks

8.8
High RiskAI / Software
-2.3%$43kZone 2

Packaging and Filling Machine Operators and Tenders

8.5
High RiskRobotics
+0.5%$39kZone 1

Interpreters and Translators

8.5
High RiskAI / Software
+4.0%$57kZone 4

Insurance Underwriters

8.5
High RiskAI / Software
-3.5%$76kZone 4

Secretaries and Administrative Assistants

8.5
High RiskAI / Software
-7.0%$44kZone 3

Postal Service Clerks

8.2
High RiskAI / Software
-16.8%$54kZone 2

Statistical Assistants

8.2
High RiskAI / Software
-1.5%$47kZone 3

Paralegals and Legal Assistants

8.2
High RiskAI / Software
+14.1%$59kZone 3

Computer Programmers

8.2
High RiskAI / Software
-10.7%$98kZone 4

Stockers and Order Fillers

8.0
High RiskRobotics
+4.3%$32kZone 1

Software Developers

8.0
High RiskAI / Software
+25.7%$132kZone 4

Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists

7.8
High RiskAI / Software
+13.3%$68kZone 4

Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Operators

7.6
High RiskRobotics
+3.1%$46kZone 2

Team Assemblers

7.5
High RiskRobotics
-1.4%$38kZone 1

Editors

7.5
High RiskAI / Software
-5.4%$70kZone 4

News Analysts, Reporters, and Journalists

7.5
High RiskAI / Software
-3.0%$56kZone 4

Web Developers

7.5
High RiskAI / Software
+16.0%$79kZone 3

Writers and Authors

7.5
High RiskAI / Software
+4.0%$74kZone 4

Retail Salespersons

7.5
High RiskRobotics
+0.8%$31kZone 2

Software Quality Assurance Analysts and Testers

7.2
High RiskAI / Software
+25.2%$100kZone 4

Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers

7.2
High RiskRobotics
+4.0%$54kZone 2

Accountants and Auditors

7.2
High RiskAI / Software
+6.1%$80kZone 4

Radiologic Technologists and Technicians

7.2
High RiskHybrid
+6.3%$65kZone 3

Computer User Support Specialists

7.0
High RiskHybrid
+5.8%$58kZone 3

Light Truck Drivers

7.0
High RiskRobotics
+5.5%$41kZone 2

Financial and Investment Analysts

6.8
ModerateHybrid
+8.7%$95kZone 4

Art Directors

6.5
ModerateHybrid
-5.5%$107kZone 4

Graphic Designers

6.5
ModerateHybrid
-1.9%$58kZone 3

Operations Research Analysts

6.5
ModerateHybrid
+23.0%$85kZone 4

Economists

6.5
ModerateAI / Software
+6.8%$116kZone 5

Database Administrators and Architects

6.5
ModerateHybrid
+9.0%$112kZone 4

Logisticians

6.5
ModerateAI / Software
+18.0%$77kZone 4

Actuaries

6.5
ModerateAI / Software
+22.0%$120kZone 5

Food Batchmakers

6.2
ModerateRobotics
+5.6%$36kZone 2

Computer Systems Analysts

6.2
ModerateHybrid
+10.7%$102kZone 4

Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists

6.0
ModerateHybrid
+5.0%$58kZone 4

Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing

6.0
ModerateAI / Software
+1.0%$65kZone 3

Web and Digital Interface Designers

6.0
ModerateHybrid
+8.0%$81kZone 4

Statisticians

6.0
ModerateAI / Software
+32.0%$100kZone 5

Compliance Officers

6.0
ModerateAI / Software
+5.0%$77kZone 4

Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians

6.0
ModerateHybrid
+5.0%$58kZone 3

Network and Computer Systems Administrators

5.8
ModerateHybrid
+2.8%$95kZone 4

Insurance Sales Agents

5.8
ModerateHybrid
+8.3%$59kZone 3

Data Scientists

5.8
ModerateHybrid
+36.0%$104kZone 4

Human Resources Specialists

5.8
ModerateAI / Software
+6.6%$68kZone 4

Waiters and Waitresses

5.8
ModerateRobotics
+5.0%$31kZone 2

Ophthalmic Medical Technicians

5.5
ModerateHybrid
+11.5%$40kZone 3

Management Analysts

5.5
ModerateHybrid
+11.1%$95kZone 4

First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers

5.5
ModerateHybrid
-5.1%$47kZone 3

Advertising and Promotions Managers

5.5
ModerateHybrid
+6.6%$128kZone 4

Librarians and Media Collections Specialists

5.5
ModerateAI / Software
+3.0%$62kZone 4

Human Resources Managers

5.5
ModerateAI / Software
+5.3%$136kZone 4

Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers

5.5
ModerateRobotics
+3.0%$48kZone 2

Personal Financial Advisors

5.5
ModerateHybrid
+13.0%$95kZone 4

Training and Development Specialists

5.5
ModerateHybrid
+8.0%$63kZone 4

Photographers

5.5
ModerateHybrid
+4.0%$41kZone 3

Commercial and Industrial Designers

5.5
ModerateHybrid
+2.5%$77kZone 4

Financial Examiners

5.5
ModerateHybrid
+20.0%$82kZone 4

Biological Technicians

5.5
ModerateHybrid
+5.0%$50kZone 3

Information Security Analysts

5.2
ModerateHybrid
+32.7%$120kZone 4

Audio and Video Technicians

5.2
ModerateHybrid
+9.0%$49kZone 3

Public Relations Specialists

5.0
ModerateHybrid
+6.4%$67kZone 4

Project Management Specialists

5.0
ModerateHybrid
+6.8%$99kZone 4

Industrial Engineers

5.0
ModerateHybrid
+12.0%$96kZone 4

Interior Designers

5.0
ModerateHybrid
+4.0%$60kZone 4

Industrial Production Managers

5.0
ModerateHybrid
+3.0%$109kZone 4

Musicians and Singers

4.8
ModerateHybrid
+3.1%$35kZone 4

Real Estate Brokers and Sales Agents

4.8
ModerateHybrid
+3.0%$56kZone 3

Pharmacists

4.5
ModerateHybrid
+3.0%$133kZone 5

Security Guards

4.5
ModerateHybrid
+4.0%$37kZone 2

Chemists

4.5
ModerateHybrid
+5.0%$84kZone 4

Computer Network Architects

4.5
ModerateHybrid
+4.5%$127kZone 4

Painters, Construction and Maintenance

4.5
ModerateRobotics
+4.8%$46kZone 2

Sales Managers

4.5
ModerateHybrid
+4.0%$136kZone 4

Biochemists and Biophysicists

4.5
ModerateHybrid
+11.0%$102kZone 5

Environmental Scientists and Specialists

4.5
ModerateHybrid
+6.0%$76kZone 4

Urban and Regional Planners

4.5
ModerateHybrid
+4.2%$79kZone 5

Marketing Managers

4.2
ModerateHybrid
+6.5%$140kZone 4

First-Line Supervisors of Housekeeping Workers

4.2
ModerateHybrid
+6.1%$40kZone 3

Commercial Pilots

4.2
ModerateRobotics
+4.0%$112kZone 4

Mechanical Engineers

4.0
ModerateHybrid
+10.7%$96kZone 4

Surgical Technologists

4.0
ModerateRobotics
+7.0%$54kZone 3

Medical and Health Services Managers

4.0
ModerateHybrid
+28.0%$105kZone 4

Biomedical and Biosystems Engineers

4.0
ModerateHybrid
+10.0%$100kZone 4

Cooks, Restaurant

4.0
ModerateRobotics
+8.0%$33kZone 2

Carpenters

3.8
Low RiskRobotics
+2.3%$58kZone 3

Civil Engineers

3.8
Low RiskHybrid
+7.9%$90kZone 4

Lawyers

3.8
Low RiskHybrid
+8.1%$146kZone 5

Architects

3.8
Low RiskHybrid
+2.0%$93kZone 4

Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics

3.5
Low RiskRobotics
+2.0%$47kZone 3

Detectives and Criminal Investigators

3.5
Low RiskHybrid
+3.0%$89kZone 3

Construction Managers

3.5
Low RiskHybrid
+8.0%$101kZone 4

Computer Hardware Engineers

3.5
Low RiskHybrid
+5.3%$138kZone 4

Home Health Aides

3.5
Low RiskRobotics
+22.0%$30kZone 2

Tour Guides and Escorts

3.5
Low RiskLow Risk
+20.0%$31kZone 2

Financial Managers

3.2
Low RiskLow Risk
+17.1%$156kZone 4

General and Operations Managers

3.2
Low RiskLow Risk
+6.5%$101kZone 4

First-Line Supervisors of Construction Trades Workers

3.2
Low RiskHybrid
+4.5%$73kZone 3

Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers

3.2
Low RiskLow Risk
+3.0%$66kZone 3

Teachers and Instructors, All Other

3.2
Low RiskLow Risk
+4.0%$40kZone 3

Actors

3.2
Low RiskLow Risk
+8.0%$18kZone 3

Dental Hygienists

3.0
Low RiskLow Risk
+9.0%$81kZone 3

Flight Attendants

3.0
Low RiskRobotics
+11.0%$64kZone 3

Nursing Assistants

3.0
Low RiskRobotics
+4.0%$36kZone 2

Childcare Workers

2.8
Low RiskLow Risk
-4.4%$29kZone 2

Chefs and Head Cooks

2.8
Low RiskLow Risk
+14.7%$57kZone 3

Farmers, Ranchers, and Other Agricultural Managers

2.8
Low RiskRobotics
+5.9%$80kZone 3

Dentists, General

2.8
Low RiskRobotics
+3.1%$160kZone 5

Postsecondary Teachers

2.5
Low RiskLow Risk
+8.0%$81kZone 5

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

2.5
Low RiskLow Risk
+5.6%$60kZone 3

Electricians

2.5
Low RiskRobotics
+11.0%$62kZone 3

Veterinarians

2.5
Low RiskRobotics
+19.0%$119kZone 5

Speech-Language Pathologists

2.5
Low RiskLow Risk
+19.0%$84kZone 5

Physician Assistants

2.5
Low RiskLow Risk
+28.0%$126kZone 5

Emergency Medical Technicians

2.5
Low RiskLow Risk
+6.0%$37kZone 3

Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers

2.5
Low RiskRobotics
+9.0%$57kZone 3

Exercise Trainers and Group Fitness Instructors

2.5
Low RiskLow Risk
+14.0%$45kZone 3

Audiologists

2.5
Low RiskLow Risk
+10.0%$83kZone 5

Registered Nurses

2.2
Low RiskLow Risk
+6.0%$81kZone 4

Elementary School Teachers

2.2
Low RiskLow Risk
+4.0%$62kZone 4

Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters

2.0
Low RiskRobotics
+6.0%$62kZone 3

Clinical, Counseling, and School Psychologists

2.0
Low RiskLow Risk
+6.0%$92kZone 5

Occupational Therapists

2.0
Low RiskLow Risk
+12.0%$96kZone 5

Nurse Anesthetists

2.0
Low RiskLow Risk
+9.0%$214kZone 5

Pediatricians, General

2.0
Low RiskLow Risk
+5.0%$198kZone 5

Firefighters

2.0
Low RiskRobotics
+4.0%$55kZone 3

Family Medicine Physicians

1.8
Low RiskLow Risk
+3.0%$215kZone 5

Child, Family, and School Social Workers

1.8
Low RiskLow Risk
+7.7%$51kZone 4

Physical Therapists

1.8
Low RiskLow Risk
+17.1%$96kZone 5

General Internal Medicine Physicians

1.8
Low RiskLow Risk
+3.0%$214kZone 5

Nurse Practitioners

1.6
Low RiskLow Risk
+45.7%$125kZone 5

Mental Health Counselors

1.5
Low RiskLow Risk
+22.1%$50kZone 5

Anesthesiologists

1.5
Low RiskLow Risk
+4.0%$331kZone 5

Nurse Midwives

1.5
Low RiskLow Risk
+6.0%$129kZone 5

Hairdressers, Hairstylists, and Cosmetologists

1.5
Low RiskRobotics
+8.0%$33kZone 2